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Glaucoma
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Glaucoma is the result of increased pressure within the eye leading to damage of the optic nerve.
Glaucoma has been nicknamed the "sneak thief of sight" because the loss of vision normally occurs gradually over a long period of time and is often only recognized when the disease is quite advanced. Once lost, this damaged visual field can never be recovered. Worldwide, it is the second leading cause of blindness. |
Symptoms
Loss of peripheral vision
Reduced contrast sensitivity
Risk factors
Elevated Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP)
Heredity
High Myopia
Diabetes
Elevated systolic blood pressure
Age
Classification of Glaucoma
Primary Glaucoma
Open angle glaucoma
Closed angle glaucoma
Normal tension glaucoma
Congenital glaucoma
Secondary Glaucoma
Due to an injury / disease
Diagnosis
Intraocular pressure (Tonometry)
visual field results (Perimetry)
Optic nerve head appearance (eye examination)
Angle examination (Gonioscopy)
Management
The modern goals of glaucoma management are to avoid glaucomatous damage, preserve visual field and total quality of life for patients with minimal side effects. This requires appropriate diagnostic techniques and follows up examinations and judicious selection of treatments for the individual patient.
Although intraocular pressure is only one of the major risk factors for glaucoma, lowering it via various pharmaceuticals products or surgical techniques is currently the mainstay of glaucoma treatment.
Vascular flow and neurodegenerative theories of glaucomatous optic neuropathy have prompted studies on various neuroprotective therapeutic strategies including nutritional compounds some of which may be regarded by clinicians as safe for use now, while others are on trial. |
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